{"id":8805,"date":"2025-06-03T17:49:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T17:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/?post_type=portfolio&p=8805"},"modified":"2025-06-05T11:01:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T11:01:50","slug":"a-geopolitica-comercial-uma-rede-global-intrincada","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/a-geopolitica-comercial-uma-rede-global-intrincada\/","title":{"rendered":"A Geopol\u00edtica Comercial: uma rede global intrincada"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”A Geopol\u00edtica Comercial: uma rede global intrincada” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:left|color:%23D88B39″ google_fonts=”font_family:Anton%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1748972999354{margin-top: 60px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1748973045449{margin-top: 20px !important;}”]TROCA<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1749121193285{margin-top: 20px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

“Estamos n\u00f3s a governar a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o ou a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 a governar-nos a n\u00f3s? (…) O desafio que temos pela frente \u00e9 de uma magnitude colossal e a grande crise n\u00e3o \u00e9 ecol\u00f3gica, \u00e9 pol\u00edtica. Hoje, o homem n\u00e3o governa as for\u00e7as que desencadeou, s\u00e3o as for\u00e7as que desencadeou que governam o homem”.<\/p>\n

Pepe Mujica, 21\/06\/2012, discurso na Confer\u00eancia das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel Rio+20,<\/p>\n

Rio de Janeiro, Brasil<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

As tabelas e imagens que se seguem mostram uma rede global de blocos comerciais e os principais acordos que a UE tem em aplica\u00e7\u00e3o ou est\u00e1 a negociar. Como se pode ver, da Am\u00e9rica do norte e do sul, passando pela \u00c1sia, Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, Austr\u00e1lia e \u00c1frica, o objetivo \u00e9 envolver todos os pa\u00edses numa rede global promotora de trocas comerciais. Esta vis\u00e3o mercantil \u00e9 t\u00e3o dominante, que os produtos acabam por viajar pelo mundo em v\u00e1rios sentidos ao sabor do lucro e as cadeias de fornecimento s\u00e3o cada vez mais complexas e extensas.<\/p>\n

O acesso a recursos minerais para a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica \u00e9 um dos grandes motores atuais de expans\u00e3o de tratados comerciais.<\/p>\n

A falta de internaliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos custos (p.ex. dos gases com efeito de estufa causado pelo transporte) e a minimiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos custos (p.ex. sal\u00e1rios mais baixos, normas de qualidade mais fracas, monoculturas), entre outros factores, gera um sistema global injusto e insustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=”Tabela dos Principais Blocos Comerciais” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center|color:%23D88B39″ google_fonts=”font_family:Anton%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1749121222640{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Bloco Comercial<\/th>Pa\u00edses<\/th>Ano<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ACEUM (Acordo Canad\u00e1\u2013Estados Unidos\u2013M\u00e9xico)<\/td>Estados Unidos da Am\u00e9rica, Canad\u00e1, M\u00e9xico<\/td>2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASEAN (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Na\u00e7\u00f5es do Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico)<\/td>Tail\u00e2ndia, Filipinas, Mal\u00e1sia, Singapura, Indon\u00e9sia, Brunei, Vietname, Mianmar, Laos, Camboja<\/td>1967<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERCOSUL (Mercado Comum do Sul)<\/td>Argentina, Bol\u00edvia, Brasil, Paraguai, Uruguai<\/td>1991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alian\u00e7a do Pac\u00edfico<\/td>Chile, Col\u00f4mbia, Peru, M\u00e9xico<\/td>2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SICA (Sistema da Integra\u00e7\u00e3o Centro-Americana)<\/td>Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicar\u00e1gua, Panam\u00e1, Belize, Rep\u00fablica Dominicana<\/td>1991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARICOM<\/td>Ant\u00edgua e Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Granada, Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Santa L\u00facia, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o e Neves, S\u00e3o Vicente e Granadinas, Suriname, Trindade e Tobago<\/td>1973<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/td>Alemanha, \u00c1ustria, B\u00e9lgica, Bulg\u00e1ria, Cro\u00e1cia, Chipre, Rep\u00fablica Checa, Dinamarca, Eslov\u00e1quia, Eslov\u00e9nia, Espanha, Est\u00f3nia, Finl\u00e2ndia, Fran\u00e7a, Gr\u00e9cia, Hungria, Irlanda, It\u00e1lia, Let\u00f3nia, Litu\u00e2nia, Luxemburgo, Malta, Pa\u00edses Baixos, Pol\u00f3nia, Portugal, Rom\u00e9nia, Su\u00e9cia<\/td>1993<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APEC (Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f3mica \u00c1sia-Pac\u00edfico)<\/td>Austr\u00e1lia, Brunei, Canad\u00e1, Chile, China, Coreia do Sul, Estados Unidos da Am\u00e9rica, Filipinas, Hong Kong, Indon\u00e9sia, Jap\u00e3o, Mal\u00e1sia, M\u00e9xico, Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, Papua-Nova Guin\u00e9, Peru, R\u00fassia, Singapura, Tail\u00e2ndia, Taiwan, Vietname<\/td>1989<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UEE (Uni\u00e3o Econ\u00f3mica Eurasi\u00e1tica)<\/td>Arm\u00e9nia, Bielorr\u00fassia, Cazaquist\u00e3o, Quirguist\u00e3o, R\u00fassia<\/td>2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ZCLCA (Zona de Com\u00e9rcio Livre Continental Africana)<\/td>Arg\u00e9lia, Angola, Botsuana, Burquina Fasso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Camar\u00f5es, Rep\u00fablica Centro-Africana, Chade, Comores, Costa do Marfim, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica do Congo, Djibuti, Egito, Guin\u00e9 Equatorial, Essuat\u00edni, Eti\u00f3pia, Gab\u00e3o, G\u00e2mbia, Gana, Guin\u00e9, Guin\u00e9-Bissau, Qu\u00e9nia, Lesoto, Lib\u00e9ria, Mal\u00e1ui, Mali, Maurit\u00e2nia, Ilhas Maur\u00edcias, Marrocos, Mo\u00e7ambique, Nam\u00edbia, Nig\u00e9ria, N\u00edger, Congo, Ruanda, Saara Ocidental, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, Senegal, Seicheles, Serra Leoa, \u00c1frica do Sul, Tanz\u00e2nia, Togo, Tun\u00edsia, Uganda, Z\u00e2mbia, Zimb\u00e1bue<\/td>2021<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCX (Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o para Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o de Xangai)<\/td>\u00cdndia, Ir\u00e3o, Cazaquist\u00e3o, China, Quirguist\u00e3o, Paquist\u00e3o, R\u00fassia, Tajiquist\u00e3o, Uzbequist\u00e3o, Bielorr\u00fassia<\/td>2001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CCG (Conselho de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o do Golfo)<\/td>Ar\u00e1bia Saudita, Bar\u00e9m, Catar, Emirados \u00c1rabes Unidos, Kuwait, Om\u00e3<\/td>1981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RCEP (Parceria Regional Econ\u00f4mica Abrangente)<\/td>Brunei, Camboja, Indon\u00e9sia, Laos, Mal\u00e1sia, Myanmar, Filipinas, Singapura, Tail\u00e2ndia, Vietname, China, Jap\u00e3o, Coreia do Sul, Austr\u00e1lia, Nova Zel\u00e2ndia<\/td>2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=”8548″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large” css=”.vc_custom_1749121239625{margin-top: 10px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=”Tabelas dos Acordos Comerciais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia em vigor” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center|color:%23D88B39″ google_fonts=”font_family:Anton%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1749121268689{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=””]\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Nome do Acordo<\/th>Pa\u00eds(es)<\/th>Data de assinatura<\/th>Em aplica\u00e7\u00e3o provis\u00f3ria<\/th>Em vigor<\/th>Continente<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
CETA UE-Canad\u00e1<\/a><\/td>Canad\u00e1<\/td>30-Oct-16<\/td>21-Sep-17<\/td><\/td>Am\u00e9rica do Norte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UE-Am\u00e9rica Central<\/a><\/td>Honduras, Nicar\u00e1gua, Panam\u00e1, Costa Rica, Salvador e Guatemala.<\/td>29-Jun-12<\/td>1-Dec-13<\/td>1-May-24<\/td>Am\u00e9rica Central<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio Provis\u00f3rio UE-Chile<\/a><\/td>Chile<\/td>13-Dec-23<\/td>1-Feb-25<\/td><\/td>Am\u00e9rica do Sul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo Comercial UE-Col\u00f4mbia-Peru-Equador<\/a><\/td>Col\u00f4mbia, Equador e Peru<\/td>31-May-12<\/td>Peru (1\/03\/2013)
\r\nCol\u00f4mbia (1\/08\/2013)
\r\nEquador (1\/01\/2017)<\/td>		<\/td>Am\u00e9rica do Sul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APE UE-Jap\u00e3o<\/a><\/td>Jap\u00e3o<\/td>17-Sep-17<\/td><\/td>1-Feb-19<\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo Global UE-M\u00e9xico<\/a><\/td>M\u00e9xico<\/td>Actualizado em 17\/01\/2025<\/td><\/td>Outubro de 2000 e 2001<\/td>Am\u00e9rica Central<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACL UE-Nova Zel\u00e2ndia<\/a><\/td>Nova Zel\u00e2ndia<\/td>9-Jul-23<\/td><\/td>1-Apr-24<\/td>Austr\u00e1lia (Oce\u00e2nia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACL UE-Singapura<\/a><\/td>Singapura<\/td>19\/19\/2018<\/td>21-Nov-19<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACL UE-Coreia do Sul<\/a><\/td>Coreia do Sul<\/td>15-Oct-09<\/td><\/td>1-Oct-15<\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio e Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o UE-Reino Unido<\/a><\/td>Reino Unido<\/td>30-Dec-20<\/td><\/td>1-May-21<\/td>Europa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio Livre UE-Vietname<\/a><\/td>Vietname<\/td>30-Jun-19<\/td>1-Aug-20<\/td><\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Su\u00ed\u00e7a<\/a><\/td>Su\u00ed\u00e7a<\/td>31-Dec-72<\/td><\/td>1973<\/td>Europa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Balc\u00e3s Ocidentais<\/a><\/td>Alb\u00e2nia (2009), Maced\u00f3nia do Norte (2004), Montenegro (2010), S\u00e9rvia (2013), B\u00f3snia-Herzegovina (2015), Kosovo* (2016)<\/td>Progressivamente desde 2009 a 2016<\/td><\/td>2016<\/td>Europa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APE UE-Qu\u00e9nia<\/a><\/td>Qu\u00e9nia<\/td>19-Jun-23<\/td><\/td>1-Jul-24<\/td>\u00c1frica<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=”8547″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” css=””][vc_empty_space height=”60px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Tabela dos Acordos Comerciais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia em negocia\u00e7\u00e3o” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center|color:%23D88B39″ google_fonts=”font_family:Anton%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1749121293058{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}”][vc_column_text css=””]\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Nome do Acordo<\/th>Pa\u00eds(es)<\/th>Continente<\/th>Datas de Refer\u00eancia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio Livre UE-\u00cdndia<\/a><\/td>\u00cdndia<\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>17-Jun-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio Livre UE-Indon\u00e9sia<\/a><\/td>Indon\u00e9sia<\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>18-Jun-16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo UE-Mercosul<\/a><\/td>Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai<\/td>Am\u00e9rica do Sul<\/td>6-Dec-24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acordo de Com\u00e9rcio Livre UE- Filipinas<\/a><\/td>Filipinas<\/td>\u00c1sia<\/td>1-Mar-24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”180px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”A Geopol\u00edtica Comercial: uma rede global intrincada” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:left|color:%23D88B39″ google_fonts=”font_family:Anton%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal” css=”.vc_custom_1748972999354{margin-top: 60px !important;}”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1748973045449{margin-top: 20px !important;}”]TROCA[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1749121193285{margin-top: 20px !important;}”] “Estamos n\u00f3s a governar a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o ou a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 a governar-nos a n\u00f3s? (…) O desafio que temos pela frente \u00e9 de uma magnitude colossal e a grande crise n\u00e3o \u00e9 ecol\u00f3gica, \u00e9 pol\u00edtica. Hoje,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[276],"portfolio_tag":[],"class_list":["post-8805","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-revista-no6"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8805"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9076,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/8805\/revisions\/9076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=8805"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/outraseconomias.pt\/outrasec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tag?post=8805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}